a. Functions of the sympathetic nervous system
Functions of the Sympathetic Nervous System:
- "Fight or Flight" Response: In times of stress or danger, the CNS prepares the body to react. The heart rate increases, pupils dilate and the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands increases.
- Energy Production: The CNS promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose to provide energy.
- Adjustment of Level of Consciousness: Increases alertness and warns the individual of potential dangers.
How does it work?
The sympathetic nervous system works through nerves that exit the spinal cord. These nerves are connected to clusters of nerve cells called sympathetic ganglia. These ganglia allow the sympathetic nerves to communicate with each other and with other organs. The sympathetic nervous system is the basic mechanism behind the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body to react to emergencies. It helps the body to generate energy, focus and react quickly in times of stress, danger or physical activity. This is a mechanism that evolutionarily increases our chances of survival. However, due to the stresses of modern life, the sympathetic nervous system can be constantly activated, which can lead to chronic stress and other health problems.
